In the logistics PhD and Master by research programs student can take on independent research in area of interest, develop concepts and test theories. Student can specialize in areas like: complexity and supply chain risk, e-supply chain solution and collaboration, freight logistics and warehousing, global supply chain design and optimization, lean logistics, lean Six Sigma and quality management, port management and maritime logistics, retail logistics and supply chain simulation, reverse logistics and green supply chain, strategic procurement and low-cost country sourcing, tourism and humanitarian logistics, transport planning and spatial modeling. During the Master of Business program student must develop a thorough understanding of specialization and deliver a significant contribution of knowledge to the field. The Doctor of Philosophy requires to complete a more substantial and rigorous thesis.